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Age category
The appropriate age category is determined by the respondent's age on the last day of
the month preceding the interview.
Aggravated assault
An attack or attempted attack with a weapon, regardless of whether an injury occurred,
and an attack without a weapon when serious injury results.
With injury - An attack without a weapon when serious injury results or an attack with a weapon involving any injury. Serious injury includes broken bones, lost teeth, internal injuries, loss of consciousness, and any unspecified injury requiring two or more days of hospitalization.Threatened with a weapon - Threat or attempted attack by an offender armed with a gun, knife, or other object used as a weapon that does not result in victim injury.
Assault
An unlawful physical attack or threat of attack. Assaults may be classified as
aggravated or simple. Rape, attempted rape, and sexual assaults are excluded from this
category, as well as robbery and attempted robbery. The severity of assaults ranges
from minor threats to nearly fatal incidents.
Burglary/trespassing
Includes unlawful or forcible entry or attempted entry of places, including a
permanent residence, other residence (e.g., a hotel room or vacation residence),
or other structure (e.g., a garage or shed). Includes victimizations where the
offender stole, attempted to steal, or did not attempt to steal. Does not include
trespassing on land.
Burglary - Includes only crimes where the offender committed or attempted a theft.Trespassing - Includes crimes where the offender did not commit or attempt a theft. Does not include trespassing on land.
Business
A company, service or membership organization consisting of one or more establishments
under common ownership or control. For this survey, major subsidiaries were treated as
separate businesses.
CERT C.C.
An organization that works with the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team (CERT) and
the private sector. CERT C.C. studies computer and network security in order to provide
incident response services to victims of attacks, publish alerts concerning
vulnerabilities and threats, and offer information to help improve computer and network
security.
Collection year
The set of victimizations reported to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) in interviews
conducted during the same calendar year. This set may include victimizations that occurred in the
previous calendar year, due to the retrospective nature of the NCVS interview. Collection year data
are used in tables beginning in 1996. See "Data year."
Commercial crimes
Crimes against commercial establishments of any type are not included in the survey.
Commercial establishments include stores, restaurants, businesses, service stations,
medical offices or hospitals, or other similar establishments. For victimizations
occurring in commercial establishments, the crime is included or not included
depending on whether the survey respondent was threatened or harmed in some way or
personal property was taken.
Computer virus
A hidden fragment of computer code which propagates by inserting itself into or
modifying other programs. Includes viruses, worms, and Trojan horses. Excludes
spyware, adware, and other malware.
Crime classification
Victimizations and incidents are classified based on detailed characteristics of the
event
provided by the respondent. Neither victims nor interviewers classify crimes at the time
of
interview. During data processing, a computer program classifies each event into one type
of
crime, based on the entries on a number of items on the survey questionnaire. This
ensures
that similar events will be classified using a standard procedure. The glossary
definition for
each crime indicates the major characteristics required to be so classified. If an event
can
be classified as more than one type of crime, a hierarchy is used that classifies the
crime
according to the most serious event that occurred. The hierarchy from highest to lowest
is
rape, sexual assault, robbery, assault, burglary/trespassing, motor-vehicle theft, and
theft.
Data year
The set of victimizations reported to NCVS, all of which occurred within the same calendar
year. For all years prior to 1996,
Criminal Victimization in the United States tables are based on data year.
Beginning in 1996, tables
are based on collection year. See "Collection Year."
Denial of service
The disruption, degradation, or exhaustion of an Internet connection or e-mail service
that results in an interruption of the normal flow of information. Denial of service is
usually caused by ping attacks, port scanning probes, or excessive amounts of incoming
data.
Domestic violence
Refers to violence between spouses, or spousal abuse but can also include cohabitants
and non-married intimate partners.
Drug possession
Includes possession of an illegal drug, but excludes possession with intent to sell.
Electronic vandalism or sabotage
The deliberate or malicious damage, defacement, destruction or other alteration of
electronic files, data, web pages, or programs.
Embezzlement
The unlawful misappropriation of money or other things of value, by the person to whom
the property was entrusted (typically an employee), for his or her own purpose.
Includes instances in which a computer was used to wrongfully transfer, counterfeit,
forge or gain access to money, property, financial documents, insurance policies,
deeds, use of rental cars, or various services by the person to whom they were
entrusted.
Ethnicity
A classification based on Hispanic culture and origin, regardless of race. Persons
are asked directly if they are Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino before being asked about
their racial category.
Felony
An offense, as murder or burglary, of graver character than those called misdemeanors,
especially those commonly punished in the U.S. by imprisonment for more than a year.
Fraud
The intentional misrepresentation of information or identity to deceive others, the
unlawful use of a credit or debit card or ATM, or the use of electronic means to
transmit deceptive information, in order to obtain money or other things of value.
Fraud may be committed by someone inside or outside the business. Includes instances in
which a computer was used to defraud the business of money, property, financial
documents, insurance policies, deeds, use of rental cars, or various services by
forgery, misrepresented identity, credit card or wire fraud. Excludes incidents of
embezzlement.
Hate crime victimization
Refers to a single victim or household that experienced a criminal incident believed by the victim to be
motivated by prejudice based on race, gender or gender identity, religion, disability, sexual
orientation, or ethnicity. BJS's National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and the FBI's Uniform Crime
Reports (UCR) Hate Crime Statistics Program are the principal sources of annual information on hate
crime in the United States and use the definition of hate crime provided in the Hate Crime Statistics
Act (28 U.S.C. ยง 534).
Head of household
A classification that defines one and only one person in each housing unit as the head.
Head of household implies that the person rents or owns (or is in the process of buying)
the housing unit. The head of household must be at least age 18, unless all members of
the household are under age 18 or the head is married to someone age 18 or older.
Hispanic
A person who describes himself or herself as Mexican American, Chicano, Mexican, Mexicano,
Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central American, South American, or from some other Spanish culture
or origin, regardless of race.
Household
A person or group of people meeting either of the following criteria: (1) people whose
usual place of residence is the same housing unit, even if they are temporarily absent, or
(2) people staying in a housing unit who have no usual place of residence elsewhere.
Human trafficking
The commerce and trade in the movement or migration of people, legal and illegal,
including both legitimate labor activities as well as forced labor.
Identity theft
Includes one or more of three types of incidents: (1) unauthorized use or attempted use
of an existing account, (2) unauthorized use or attempted use of personal information to
open a new account, or (3) misuse of personal information for a fraudulent purpose.
Person level identity theft is captured in the Identity Theft Supplement (ITS) to the
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Household level identity theft is captured
by the main NCVS.
Incident
A specific criminal act involving one or more victims and offenders. For example, if
two people are robbed at the same time and place, this is classified as two robbery
victimizations but only one robbery incident.
Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs)
Organizations that work with the U.S. Government, law enforcement agencies, technology
providers, and security associations such as U.S. CERT. ISACs maintain secure
databases, analytic tools and information gathering and distribution facilities
designed to allow authorized individuals to submit reports about information security
threats, vulnerabilities, incidents and solutions.
InfraGard
An information sharing and analysis effort serving the interests and combining the
knowledge base of a wide range of members. At its most basic level, InfraGard is a
partnership between the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the private sector.
Larceny
The unlawful taking of property other than a motor vehicle from the possession of
another, by stealth, without force or deceit. Includes pocket picking, nonforcible purse
snatching, shoplifting, and thefts from motor vehicles. Excludes receiving and/or reselling stolen
property (fencing) and thefts through fraud or deceit.
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines this as a population nucleus of 50,000
or more, generally consisting of a city and its immediate suburbs, along with adjacent
communities having a high degree of economic and social integration with the nucleus.
MSA's are designated by counties, the smallest geographic units for which a wide range
of statistical data can be attained. However, in New England, MSA's are designated by
cities and towns since these subcounty units are of great local significance and
considerable data is available for them. Currently, an area is defined as an MSA if it
meets one of two standards: (1) a city has a population of at least 50,000, or (2) the
Census Bureau defines an urbanized area of at least 50,000 people with a total
metropolitan population of at least 100,000 (or 75,000 in New England). The Census
Bureau's definition of urbanized areas, data on commuting to work, and the strength of
the economic and social ties between the surrounding counties and the central city
determine which counties not containing a main city are included in an MSA. For New
England, MSA's are determined by a core area and related cities and towns, not counties.
An MSA may contain more than one city of 50,000 and may cross state lines.
Metropolitan area
See "Metropolitan Statistical Area."
Motor vehicle
An automobile, truck, motorcycle, or any other motorized vehicle legally allowed on
public
roads and highways.
Motor-vehicle theft
Stealing or unauthorized taking of a motor vehicle, including attempted thefts.
Completed motor vehicle theft - The successful taking of a vehicle by an unauthorized person.Attempted motor vehicle theft - The unsuccessful attempt by an unauthorized person to take a vehicle.
Multiple offenders
Two or more persons inflicting some direct harm to a victim. The victim-offender
relationship is determined by the offender with the closest relationship to the victim.
The following list ranks the different relationships from closest to most distant:
spouse,
former spouse, parent, child, other relative, nonrelative well known person, casual
acquaintance, or stranger. See "Nonstranger" and "Stranger."
Murder
(1) Intentionally causing the death of another person without extreme provocation or
legal justification or (2) causing the death of another while committing or attempting
to commit another crime.
Non-Hispanic
Persons who report their culture or origin as something other than "Hispanic" as
defined above. This distinction is made regardless of race.
Nonnegligent/voluntary manslaughter
Intentionally and without legal justification causing the death of another when acting
under extreme provocation. The combined category of murder and nonnegligent
manslaughter excludes involuntary or negligent manslaughter, conspiracies to commit
murder, solicitation of murder, and attempted murder.
Offense
A crime. When referring to personal crimes, the term can be used to refer to both
victimizations and incidents.
Other computer security incidents
Incidents that do not fit within the definitions of the specific types of cyber attacks
and cyber theft. Encompasses spyware, adware, hacking, phishing, spoofing, pinging,
port scanning, sniffing, and theft of other information, regardless of whether damage
or losses were sustained as a result.
Personal crimes
Rape, sexual assault, personal robbery, assault, purse snatching, and pocket picking. This
category includes both attempted and completed crimes.
Place of occurrence of crime
The location at which a crime occurred, as specified by the victim. Survey measures of
crimes occurring in commercial establishments, in restaurants, in nightclubs, on public
transportation, and at other similar places include only those crimes involving NCVS
measured crimes against persons, not the establishments. Crimes against commercial
establishments and other places are not measured by the survey.
Prevalence rate
Number of persons or households per 1,000 who experienced at least one victimization
during the year.
Property crime
Burglary/trespassing, motor-vehicle theft, and theft. This category includes both attempted
and completed crimes.
Purse snatching/pick-pocketing
Theft or attempted theft of property or cash directly from the victim by stealth,
without force or threat of force.
Race
For the National Crime Victimization Survey, respondents self identify with one or
more racial categories. Racial categories defined by the Office of Management and
Budget are American Indian or Alaska Native; Asian; black or African American;
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; and white. The race of the head of
household is used in determining the race of the household for computing household
crime demographics.
Rape
Forced sexual intercourse including both psychological coercion and physical force.
Forced
sexual intercourse means vaginal, anal, or oral penetration by the offender(s). This
category also includes incidents where the penetration is from a foreign object, such as
a
bottle. Includes attempted rape, male and female victims, and both heterosexual and same
sex rape. Attempted rape includes verbal threats of rape.
Region
The states have been divided into four groups or census regions: Midwest - Includes the
12 states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,
North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. Northeast - Includes the 9 states of
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, and Vermont. South - Includes the District of Columbia and the 16 states
of Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland,
Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and
West Virginia. West - Includes the 13 states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,
Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
Robbery
Completed or attempted theft, directly from a person, of property or cash by force or
threat of force, with or without a weapon, and with or without injury.
Completed/property taken - The successful taking of property from a person by force or threat of force, with or without a weapon, and with or without injury.
Completed with injury - The successful taking of property from a person, accompanied by an attack, with or without a weapon, resulting in injury.
Completed without injury - The successful taking of property from a person by force or threat of force, with or without a weapon, but not resulting in injury.
Attempted to take property - The attempt to take property from a person by force or threat of force without success, with or without a weapon, and with or without injury.
Attempted without injury - The attempt to take property from a person by force or threat of force without success, with or without a weapon, but not resulting in injury.
Attempted with injury - The attempt to take property from a person without success, accompanied by an attack, with or without a weapon, resulting in injury.
Rural area
A place not located inside the Metropolitan Statistical Area. This category includes a
variety of localities, ranging from sparsely populated rural areas to cities with
populations fewer than 50,000.
Sample
The set of housing units selected by the U.S. Census Bureau to be interviewed for the
survey. All occupants of the household age 12 or older are interviewed. See report
methodologies for sample inclusions and exclusions.
Series
Six or more similar but separate events that the respondent is unable to
describe separately in detail to an interviewer. See
Methods for Counting High-Frequency Repeat Victimizations in the National Crime
Victimization Survey for more information on the use of series victimizations.
Sexual assault
A wide range of victimizations, separate from rape or attempted rape. These crimes
include attacks or attempted attacks generally involving unwanted sexual contact
between victim and offender. Sexual assaults may or may not involve force and include
such things as grabbing or fondling. Sexual assault also includes verbal threats.
Simple assault
Attack without a weapon resulting either in no injury, minor injury (e.g., bruises, black eyes, cuts, scratches, or
swelling), or an undetermined injury requiring fewer than two days of hospitalization. Also includes attempted
assault without a weapon.
With minor injury - An attack without a weapon resulting in injuries such as bruises, black eyes, cuts, or an undetermined injury requiring fewer than two days of hospitalization.
Without injury - An attempted assault without a weapon but not resulting in injury.
Subsidiary
A company in which another business has more than 50% ownership or the power to direct
or cause the direction of management and policies.
Suburban areas
A county or counties containing a central city, plus any contiguous counties that are
linked socially and economically to the central city. On data tables, suburban areas
are categorized as those portions of metropolitan areas situated "outside central
cities."
Tenure
The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) recognizes two forms of household tenancy:
(1) owned, which includes dwellings that are mortgaged, and (2) rented, which includes
rent free quarters belonging to a party other than the occupants and situations where
rental payments are in kind or services.
Theft
Completed or attempted theft of property or cash without personal contact. Incidents involving theft of property from
within the sample household are classified as theft if the offender has a legal right to be in the house (e.g., a maid,
delivery person, or guest). If the offender has no legal right to be in the house, the incident is classified as a
burglary.
Completed theft - To successfully take without permission property or cash without personal contact between the victim and offender.Attempted theft - To unsuccessfully attempt to take property or cash without personal contact.
Theft of intellectual property
The illegal obtaining of copyrighted or patented material, trade secrets, or trademarks
(including designs, plans, blueprints, codes, computer programs, software, formulas,
recipes, graphics) usually by electronic copying. Excludes theft of personal or
financial data such as credit card or social security numbers, names and dates of
birth, financial account information, or any other type of information.
Theft of personal or financial data
The illegal obtaining of information that potentially allows someone to use or create
accounts under another name (individual, business, or some other entity). Personal
information includes names, dates of birth, social security numbers, or other personal
information. Financial information includes credit, debit, or ATM card account or PIN
numbers. Excludes theft of intellectual property such as copyrights, patents, trade
secrets, and trademarks. Excludes theft of any other type of information.
U.S. CERT
The United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team is a partnership between the
Department of Homeland Security and the public and private sectors. Established in 2003
to protect the nation's Internet infrastructure, U.S. CERT coordinates defense against
and responses to cyber attacks across the nation.
Urban areas
The largest city (or grouping of cities) in a Metropolitan Statistical Area. See
"Metropolitan Statistical Area."
Victimization
A crime as it affects one individual person or household. For personal crimes, the
number of victimizations is equal to the number of victims involved. The number of
victimizations may be greater than the number of incidents because more than one
person may be victimized during an incident. Each crime against a household is assumed
to involve a single victim, the affected household.
Victimization rate
Number of victimizations per 1,000 persons or households that occurred during
the year.
Victimize
To commit a crime against a person or household.
Violence, crimes of
Rape, sexual assault, personal robbery, or assault. This category includes both
attempted and completed crimes. It does not
include purse snatching and pocket picking. Murder is not measured by the National Crime
Victimization Survey because of
an inability to question the victim.
Completed violence - The sum of all completed rapes, sexual assaults, robberies, and assaults. See individual crime types for definitions of completed crimes.
Attempted/threatened violence - The unsuccessful attempt of rape, sexual assault, personal robbery, or assault. Includes attempted attacks or sexual assaults by means of verbal threats. See individual crime types for definitions of attempted crimes.